Factors Influencing the Direct Costs of Property Trust Ipos

Author/s: William Dimovski, Robert Brooks

Date Published: 1/01/2007

Published in: Volume 13 - 2007 Issue 1 (pages 2 - 15)

Abstract

Underwriting, legal, accounting and valuation costs average around 3.3%, 0.39%, 0.23% and 0.12% of proceeds raised and are substantial costs to property trust initial public offering (IPO) issuers. As such, identifying factors that influence these costs is important. This paper investigates factors influencing these costs as well as the total direct costs of raising equity capital by property trust IPOs in Australia from 1994 to 2004. The results suggest clear economies of scale in direct costs. In addition, IPOs that employ more debt are likely to have higher capital raising costs while those that have proportionally higher net asset values and offer stapled securities (and likely to be engaged in property development activities) have lower capital raising costs.

Download Full Article

Download the Full Article PDF

14445921.2007.11104220.pdf 14445921.2007.11104220.pdf (197kB)

Keywords

Costs of Capital Raising - Initial Public Offerings - Ipos - Property Trusts

References

  • Atlantic, O., and R.S. Hansen (2000), “Are there Economies of Scale in Underwriting Fees? Evidence of Rising External Financing Costs”, Review of Financial Studies, 29, 191-218.
  • Brounen, D., and P. Eichholtz. (2001). “Going Public in the European Property Share Market”, Real Estate Finance, 18, 55-60.
  • Brounen, D., and P. M. A. Eichholtz (2002). “Initial Public Offerings: Evidence From British, French and Swedish Share Markets”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 23, 103-117.
  • Butler, A.W., and P. Huang (2003). “On the Uniformity of Investment Banking Spreads: The Seven Percent Solution is Not Unique”, Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 13, 265-272.
  • Chan, S. H., M. H. Stohs and K. Wang (2001). “Costs of Raising Capital - Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs) - in Hong Kong”, Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, 15, 27-36.
  • Chen, K.C., and L. Wu (2002), “Are Real Estate IPOs a Different Species? Evidence from Hong Kong IPOs”, Journal of Real Estate Research, 21, 201-220.
  • Chen, H.C., R.C.W. Fok and Y.J.Wang (2006), “Why do Underwriters Charge Low Underwriting Fees for Initial Public Offerings in Taiwan?”, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 10, 1-27.
  • Chen, H.C., and J. Ritter (2000), “The Seven Percent Solution”, Journal of Finance, 55, 1105-1131.
  • Dimovski, W. (2006), “The Costs of Raising Equity Capital by Australian Property Trust Initial Public Offerings”, Pacific Rim Property Research Journal, 12, 162176.
  • Dimovski, W. and Brooks, R. (2006), “The Pricing of Property Trust IPOs in Australia”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 32, 185-199.
  • Dunbar, C.G. (1995), “The Use of Warrants as Underwriter Compensation in Initial Public Offerings”, Journal of Financial Economics, 38, 59-78.
  • Ghosh, C., R. Nag and C.F. Sirmans (2000), “A Test of the Signaling Value of IPO Underpricing with REIT IPO-SEO Pairs”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 20, 137-154.
  • How, J.C.Y. and J.J.L. Yeo (2000), “The Pricing of Underwriting Services in the Australian Capital Market”, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 8, 347-73.
  • Kaserer, C., and M. Kraft (2003), “How Issue Size, Risk and Complexity are Influencing External Financing Costs: German IPOs Analyzed from an Economies of Scale Perspective”, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 30, 479-512.
  • Kooli, M., and J. M. Suret (2002), “How Cost-Effective are Canadian IPO Markets”, CIRANO, 83, 1-17.
  • Lee, I., S. Lochhead, J. Ritter and Q. Zhao. (1996), “The Costs of Raising Capital”, Journal of Financial Research, 19, 59-74.
  • Ling, D. C., and M. Ryngaert (1997), “Valuation Uncertainty, Institutional Involvement, and the Underpricing of IPOs: The Case of REITs”, Journal of Financial Economics 43, 433-456.
  • Tinic, S. M. (1988), “Anatomy of Initial Public Offerings of Common Stock”, Journal of Finance, 43, 789-822.
  • Torstila, S., (2001), “What Determines IPO Gross Spreads in Europe?”, European Financial Management Journal, 7, 523-41.
  • Torstila, S., (2003), “The Clustering of IPO Gross Spreads: International Evidence”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38, 673-94.
  • Wang, K, S. H. Chan, and G. Gau (1992). “Initial Public Offerings of Equity Securities: Anomalous Evidence Using REITs”, Journal of Financial Economics, 31, 381-410
  • White, H. (1980). “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskesticity”, Econometrica, 48, 817-838.